FIRST AID TRAINING FOR KINDERGARTEN PROFESSIONALS: A CASE REPORT

: This article evaluated the results of an educational intervention in first aid on the knowledge of professionals working in a daycare center in a Quilombola community. Methods: An experimental, non-randomized study based on pre-and post-intervention, with a single group, from March 2022 to September 2022. Pre-and post-intervention observations were carried out using a semi-structured questionnaire to assess professionals’ knowledge of concepts and some of the main first aid maneuvers in the context of early childhood education. Results: Five women (50%) and five men (50%) participated in the intervention. The majority reported having witnessed first aid situations and denied having received training on the subject in the last ten years. Regarding first aid knowledge, the first application of the questionnaire showed little theoretical knowledge of the topics x̅ 3.6 (±1.26). However, after the second workshop, the percentage of correct answers increased significantly x̅ 8.5 (±1.43). Conclusion: Health education strategies focused on the prevention of accident complications in the school environment are effective and necessary. We emphasize that the workshops for Quilombola professionals qualify them as allies in the defense and protection of life in the community.


INTRODUCTION
The school context is conducive to the occurrence of accidents, especially among children, due to the risks inherent in this space and the way they interact with it, a condition that is reinforced by children's characteristic interest in exploring the world and knowing their potential to challenge themselves with new skills (SILVA et al. 2019).
School-age children are more likely to have unintentional accidents while playing at school.Teachers have the primary responsibility for the well-being of students.They are the first point of contact and the responsible party when children are injured.However, studies show that educators have a lack of knowledge about first aid (GALINDO et al.

Participants, Sample Size, and Ethical Aspects
There are about 140 students enrolled in the institution and about 13 staff members.Before starting the data collection, it was confirmed with the school coordinator and teachers that they had not received any previous training in first aid, so that there would be no bias in the results.Convenience sampling included 10 professionals who agreed to participate in the study and were able to attend the data collection phases.The study was approved by the community leaders and the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Tocantins (CAAE: 52871221.0.0000.5519),according to the ethical guidelines recommended in Brazil.

Interventions
In the first meeting, the purpose and relevance of the research were explained verbally to the professionals and their consent was obtained.From the first meeting, a pre-test instrument developed by the League of Urgency and Emergency of the Federal University of Tocantins (LAUEM-UFT) was used through reading and previous analysis of bibliographies.The instrument is composed of ten objective multiple-choice questions that reveal behaviors that must be taken in situations of first aid, namely: convulsion, fainting, dizziness, choking and cardiorespiratory arrest.Then they started two workshops on basic first aid concepts, each lasting four hours.The educational activities were developed at the school by monitors (nursing students) from LAUEM-UFT, trained by a professional from the Brazilian Mobile Emergency Service and supervised by the principal investigator.
The educational activities consisted of lectures, exercises and videos that addressed the behavior in situations of cardiorespiratory arrest, choking, dizziness, seizures and fainting.In these activities, the concepts of biosafety and scene safety were emphasized, explaining their importance for rescuers to avoid contamination or becoming victims.After the theoretical exposition, the professionals practiced their knowledge on simulator mannequins and on their own colleagues.At the end of the workshops, a post-test instrument with the same questions was used to verify the assimilation of the information obtained by the professionals on the subject approached and to evaluate the percentage of errors and correct answers to the questions.

Statistical Analysis
Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 for Windows.Knowledge before and after the workshops was analyzed using absolute and relative frequencies.The results were presented in descriptive tables.

RESULTS
The group of study participants consisted of eight teachers and two staff members of the kindergarten, being (n=5; 50%) women and (n=5; 50%) men, where the majority (n=8; 80%) reported having witnessed an urgent and emergency situation that required first aid, but reported not having participated in any training on the subject in the last ten years (n=9; 90%).Regarding knowledge of first aid in the first workshop, the frequency of correct answers showed that they had little theoretical knowledge of the topics covered, but after the second workshop, the percentage of correct answers increased significantly.

DISCUSSION
The results of this study, whose participants were teachers and staff of a nursery school, showed a lack of training in first aid, which was reflected in a majority of incorrect answers in the evaluation questionnaires on the topics: cardiorespiratory arrest, choking, dizziness, convulsions and fainting.Regarding the knowledge of first aid, most of the participants reported having no training, as found in studies conducted in Ethiopia 58.9% (WORKNEH et al. 2021) and Iran 60.3% (ADIB-HAJBAGHERY; KAMRAVA, 2019), in contrast to other countries with higher rates, such as Spain 57% (ABELAIRAS-GO-MÉZ et al. 2020) and Saudi Arabia 80.96% (ALSHAMMARI, 2021).This discrepancy may be due to differences in knowledge, first aid training, and levels of educational legislation.
In Brazil, the need for the applicability of the Lucas Law (BRASIL, 2018) represents a step forward in guaranteeing the safety and health not only of students, but also of workers and the community in general.Despite the existence of the law, both actions and studies dealing with its implementation in schools are scarce.This is even more evident when these subgroups come from vulnerable communities, such as the quilombolas, where health education actions must take into account a mosaic of different needs, such as poverty, belonging to groups with a historical profile of exclusion/discrimination, and living in places far from large centers (QUARESMA et al. 2022).
The equitable distribution of health education is essential to achieve the goals es- The study proposal demonstrates the commitment and the contribution of the public university in the respect of the "Lucas Law", as well as in the integration of teachingresearch-extension through permanent training such as scientific initiation programs, academic leagues and/or groups/nucleus/research observatories.
Our study has important limitations.The sample size limits the ability to extrapolate the results found in this study, but due to the lack of national studies on the subject, especially among populations with a history of segregation and scientific abandonment.
Another fact was the impossibility of analyzing the impact of the educational intervention on the management of first aid situations in the long term.It is recommended that future research consider evaluating the practical skills of teachers/staff in real emergency situations, expanding the sample to include different levels of education, and conducting longitudinal studies to assess the retention of acquired knowledge over time and its impact on first aid practices in Quilombola schools.
tablished in the Sustainable Development Goals, especially Sustainable Development Goals 3 and 4, which define quality health and education(PERIN et al. 2022).Regarding the topics studied, literature (SALIM; 2022) highlights that the most common incidents in the school environment are: fainting, seizures and cardiorespiratory arrest, among others, which is in line with the topics covered in this study.When caring for a fainting or convulsing victim, similar results were observed before and after training, with an average learning rate of more than 80%(BÖTTIGER et al. 2020).Therefore, attention and training should be given to equipping teachers with evidence-based first aid knowledge for accidents in the school environment.Similar results were found for lower performance in cardiopulmonary arrest in the posttest, and the main factors that teachers perceived as limiting the quantity and quality of first aid training were insufficient specification of learning objectives in the curriculum, many other competency objectives, lack of first aid manikins, and lack of training as first aid instructors (ILHA et al. 2021).In 2015, the international initiative Kids Save Lives "Children saving lives"(BÖTTIGER et al. 2020;BÖTTIGER, 2015), with the support of the World Organization, proposed an additional direction that includes the young public as a force in the multiplication of knowledge acquired in cardiac arrest situations(BÖTTIGER et al. 2017).The Kids Save Lives worldwide campaign was implemented for the first time by a group of associate professors, researchers and graduate students from multidisciplinary areas at the University of São Paulo(NAKAGAWA et al. 2019).The implementation of the Lucas Law in Brazil represents an opportunity to take advantage of this international and national movement to train the school community (teachers, professionals, and students) in first aid and qualify them as instructors for their students, who will grow and can keep the acquired skills for the rest of their lives.All in all, the better performance presented by the participants in the post-test (administered after the first aid training) could mean that the provision of first aid training with professionals from the kindergarten has a positive effect on the knowledge and intention to practice the provision of first aid services to Quilombola students.In addition, the study highlighted the importance of promoting health actions with Quilombola populations through university-community integration.The execution of these activities by university students contributes to the training of these future professionals, since the knowledge of the specificities of this population and the conditions of access to health education builds the knowledge of academics about the studied population.